杨 杰，杨学山，马晓彤^*

（甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院，兰州 730070）

摘要：四环素（Tetracycline，TC）为抑菌性广谱抗生素，在养殖业中的过度使用会导致其在动物体内残留，进而对消费者健康造成潜在危害。因此，对动物性食品中四环素的检测是至关重要的。本实验首先采用微波法制备水溶性荧光碳量子点（Carbon Quantum Dots，CDs）。以CDs为荧光源，四环素为模板，3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）为功能单体，硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）为交联剂，通过溶胶凝胶法合成一种新型、高灵敏度和选择性的碳量子点分子印迹聚合物（Carbon quantum dots molecularly imprinted polymers，CDs@MIPs）荧光传感器，用于检测四环素。透射电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪的结果证实CDs@MIPs的成功制备，合成的CDs@MIPs的印迹因子（Imprint factor，IF）为2.28。在优化的实验条件下，CDs@MIPs对四环素在0.2～200μmol/L范围内，荧光强度逐渐下降，在0.2～1 μmol/L浓度范围内呈线性关系，最低检出限为94 nmol/L。选择性实验结果表明所制备的CDs@MIPs对四环素具有良好的选择性识别响应。对4种动物性食品（牛奶、鸡蛋、牛肉和鸡肉）进行加标回收实验的回收率分别为96.00%～113.74%、96.94%～101.62%、102.29%～110.92%、102.58%～115.99%，RSD值小于4.16%。综上所述，该方法为复杂基质动物性食品中四环素的简单快速分析提供了一种新的有效方法。

关键词：四环素；碳量子点；分子印迹；食品安全

中图分类号：TS207.3   文献标识码：A   文章编号：1674-506X（2024）03-0104-0008

Preparation of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dot Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Their Detection of Tetracyclines in Animal Foods

YANG Jie, YANG Xueshan, MA Xiaotong^*

（College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China）

Abstract：Tetracycline is a bacteriostatic broad-spectrum antibiotic, and its overuse in the farming industry can lead to animal residues, posing a potential hazard to consumer health. Therefore, the detection of tetracyclines in animal foods is crucial. In this experiment, water-soluble fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CDs) were first prepared by microwave method. With CDs as the fluorescence source, tetracycline as template, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the functional monomer, and tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) as cross-linker, a novel, highly sensitive and selective Carbon Quantum Dots molecularly imprinted polymers (CDs@MIPs) were synthesized by sol-gel method for the detection of tetracycline (TC). The results of transmission electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful preparation of CDs@MIPs, which were synthesized with an imprinting factor (IF) of 2.28. Under the optimized experimental conditions, CDs@MIPs had a gradual decrease in fluorescence intensity in the range of 0.2～200 μmol/L, and showed a linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.2～1 μmol/L, with the lowest detection limit of 94 nmol/L. The selective experimental results showed that the prepared CDs@MIPs had a good selective recognition response to tetracycline. The recoveries of four animal foods (milk, egg, beef, chicken) were 96.00%～113.74%, 96.94%～101.62%, 102.29%～110.92%, 102.58%～115.99%, and the RSD values were less than 4.16%, respectively. In summary, this method provides a new and effective method for the simple and rapid analysis of tetracycline in animal foods with complex matrices.

Keywords：Tetracycline; carbon quantum dots; molecularly imprinting; food safety

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2024.03-017

收稿日期：2023-08-31

基金项目：甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金（GAU-KYQD-2018-10）；国家重点研发计划“食品安全监测与控制技术的全链条区域综合示范项目”（2019YFC1606500）

作者简介：杨杰（1995-），男，硕士研究生。研究方向：食品安全检测。

*通信作者：马晓彤（1990-），女，博士，讲师。研究方向：食品安全检测。

引用格式：杨杰,杨学山,马晓彤.荧光碳量子点分子印迹聚合物的制备及其对动物性食品中四环素的检测[J].食品与发酵科技,2024,60(3):104-111.